HB Fuller Company Essay

H.B. Fuller Company is an operational company that deals with paints, adhesives, coating for manufactures and sealants that we find ourselves using everyday in our life. However, due to its activities mostly being underground or rather that it deals with behind the scene activities and that most of its products we can only see the results not the actual product, most common people may not know it or even have an idea that it exists. They would be surprised to know that it was founded back in 1987 and operates in around 34 countries in North America. It had net revenue totaling to $1. 472 billion in 2006 a 2. 5 percent increment from the previous year. The company is known to make a lot of profit though some of its money ends up in the public relation department in the dealing with cases concerning glue sniffing. It has over 3700 employees worldwide and at present, it reaches over 100 countries worldwide. It is operational and makes profit and was recently celebrated its 120th anniversary and it has been ranked by the Forbes Magazine in its Platinum 400 list of best big companies for two consecutive years. (www. hbfuller. com/about us) The company has Michele Volpi as the President and the Chief Executive Officer, Fabrizio Corradini as Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer, Kevin Gilligan as the Vice President, Asia Pacific, Timothy Keenan as Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, James C. McCreary, Jr. s the Vice President, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Controller, Monica Moretti as the Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer, Jan Muller as the Vice President, Europe, Ann Parriott as the Vice President, Human Resources, Cheryl Reinitz as the Vice President, Treasurer, Jay Scripter as the Vice President, North America and Ramon Tico as the Vice President, Latin America. (www. hbfuller. com/about us/ directors) Michele Volpi is the President and the Chief Ex ecutive Officer from December 2006 to present. He holds a B.  A degree and a Masters degree in business administration form Bacconi University in Italy. He is also a certified Six Sigma Green Belt. He was the General Manager and Group President, Global Adhesives Group from 2004 to November 2006. he has been the director of many other companies such Global SBU Manager, Polymer shapes Business Unit, General Electric Company, Huntersville. He has also worked in Italy and Spain. (www. hbfuller. com/about us/ directors) Fabrizio Corradini is the Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer. He holds an MBA from University of Chicago and a Masters of management science from Solvay Business School in Brussels in Belgium. He has worked with HB Fuller as the Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer form 2007 to present. He has also worked with Luxembourg, Management Consultant, Boston Consulting Group, Italy, France, Germany, Spain (1996-1998). (www. hbfuller. com/about us/ directors) Kevin Gilligan is the Vice President, Asia Pacific. He holds a B. S. E. , industrial engineering degree from the University of Michigan and an M. B. A. , marketing & operations from Indiana University, Bloomington. He has been working with HB Fuller from 1994 to present at various positions as the Group vice president, General Manager, operational director, e-business director, product line manager, plant manager and management rotational program. He has vast experience in different fields and he has worked in Poland and Texas. (www. hbfuller. com/about us/ directors) Timothy Keenan is the Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. He holds a B. A. economics degree from University of Notre Dame. He has worked in the H B Fuller since 2004 as the general and the deputy counsel and corporate Secretary. He has worked as the senior attorney and assistant secretary, International Multifoods Corp. , Minneapolis. (www. hbfuller. com/about us/ directors) James C. McCreary, Jr. is the Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Controller and Chief Financial Officer. He holds a business administration and accounting degree from Kent State University. He has also worked as the Administration, Product Manager and Controller Vice President of the Industrial Chemicals Division in Pittsburgh. (www. hbfuller. com/about us/ directors) H B Fuller is presented in a case where it is accused of using an intoxicating substance that is used by a street boy in the case where the dies after inhaling the substance. It has been accused that it has caused a number of people to die and that most of them are the youth or rather teenagers who sniff the shoe glue. Earlier on, business ethics was viewed as the compliance of the legal standard and the adherence the internal regulations and rules. However as time went by, this turned out to be a different case as the organizations has to consider the wellbeing of the goods and the services that they produce in their companies this would help them get the confidence and the respect of their customers. There is a high growth in demand for social responsibility and companies are held accountable for the actions that come out of their products. Companies are producing comprehensive ethics management systems in their work so that they can be able to deal with the complex ethical issue that they may encounter in their day-to-day life from the places they market their products as some of them pose environmental risks. ( www. pangaea. org/street_children/latin/fuller) There is the Ethics Compliance Management System Standard (ECS2000) that is the guideline for organization and corporations which would like to conduct businesses in a responsible and reliable manner. It offers the all the required standards to a good social responsibility and is made available to most of the ethics research project centers. It is through these codes or standards that H B Fuller was charged in the federal court for the case of the death of Honduras street children after they had sniffed the glue that was produced by the company. (www. pangaea. org/street_children/latin/fuller) On the part of the company, it wanted the case to be dismissed as it claimed that it has reformulated its products and the substance or rather the shoe glue no longer contains any serious intoxicant. It claims that it has replaced the sweet smelling toxic substance with a less intoxicated and not so nice smelling brand. It claims that it has also increases the price of the product and it expects that children may have turn into the other brand. In addition, there had to be the government intervention, as the main issue with the children was the availability of the chemical to these. Though the company has made a lot of profit from the sale of glue, executives claim that the issues relating to the public relation has outweighed the profits. Fuller also decided to pull out of the market as some of its resolution. It decided to pull some of its products such as the Resistol to see to it whether it will have an effect to the abuse by the children. However, this had very little effect and they decided to pull back as it did not have any effect. They resolved to be selling the products to companies and not to individuals. They also claimed that the issue of the black market was the one responsible for the tragic abuse of the children Central America. (www. pangaea. org/street_children/latin/fuller) Fuller also came up with a new provision for the prevention of the use of its substances. It came up with an advertising slogan â€Å"We work chemistry in to answers. † This would help the notion in the people that the glue has been intoxicated and that it is the killing people. Among those that are involved in the case was Linare’s lawyer who filed a case after her brother died of inhaling toxic glue as they called it. Then there is the involvement of the government that had to protect the Fuller Company in the cases that it was accused in most of those third world countries. Also in the case were the human rights advocates who fought for the cases of the children who majority of them were intoxicated and all that they wanted was justice be done for them. (www. business-humanrights. org/Links/Repository) According to Ethics Compliance Management System Standard (ECS2000), a company is supposed to be responsible of all the activities and the outcome of all its products and it should take the required measures to correct the problem. In case the company is sued for a poor product or a hazardous product, it is supposed to take full repercussion for the poor product. (Malachowski 2001, 10)

Math in Early Childhood Article Review Essay

The purpose of this article was to explain the use and importance of programs such as the, â€Å"What’s the Big Idea† program instituted at the Bennington Library in Vermont. The â€Å"What’s the Big Idea† program aims to provide librarians with techniques and tools for introducing preschool and kindergarten students to science and math through literature. Picture books and stories are used a lot because stores are great conveyors to memorable messages about since and math. It also gives children the tools they need to be able to look at books and seek out math and science concepts and connections within the text. The program focuses on child directed and hands on explorations rather that adult directed instruction allowing the children to gain personal acts of discovery through play. â€Å"What’s the Big Idea† focuses on four main math and science concepts; numbers and operations, patterns and relationships, changes over time, and geometry and special sense. For each topic there are activities, projects, and books that correspond with the chosen topic. There are different activity centers that are also set up. Some are set up for large group and small group and some are set up for independent exploration. They offer things such as interactive graphs, geoboards, jars with small objects for sorting, blocks, and other manipulatives. Something new that I learned was that I didn’t know that libraries offered programs like that. I knew that had reading groups and programs but I didn’t realizes that there were also libraries that offered programs to also promote math and science concepts as well. I like how they use books first to gain an idea and then tie it into math and science by exploring the concepts in the story a little further to better their understanding not only of the story but of the math and/or science behind it. A way that I can see this information being useful in the future is to have programs like this available to all libraries nationwide. In the article it said that it started out in Vermont and spread to libraries in New York, Delaware, and Texas. With children having access to programs like this from the preschool level they will then enter kindergarten with a greater knowledge base and with deeper understanding of the math and science concepts that they will need for the rest of their lives.

Operational Management in Health & Social Care Essay

Operational Management in Health & Social Care - Essay Example As the report declares TPS way of thinking is largely influenced by the thinking of Edwards Deming, the quality guru who taught, among other thoughts, that managers should stop their reliance on mass inspection as a way of achieving quality and instead embed quality in the production process and the product in the first instance. Essentially, â€Å"lean† means doing more with less by eliminating or at least limiting the waste of time and resources. Lean thinking is a management strategy that applies to all organizations, including health care organizations, because the concept has to do with the improvement of processes. Every organization has in place a series of processes intended to create value for its customers. The central idea in lean thinking is to scrutinize an organization’s processes with the aim of discerning between the processes that add value to the customer and those that do not and are, therefore, wasteful.  This paper stresses that lean thinking is o ften associated with manufacturing business organizations, not health care where the wastage of time, supplies and money are rampant. However, the principles of lean thinking can work in health care just as they do in manufacturing; this paper demonstrates how by analysing two healthcare organizations that successfully applied lean management to reduce cost and wastage and improve service delivery. The analysis is preceded by an overview of the key concepts of lean management.

Nursing scope of practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing scope of practice - Assignment Example First, it will be necessary to collect all the information concerning the procedure, its origin and how it has been used. This will guide the decision as to whether the practice is evidence-based and applicable in our situation (Schluter, Seaton, & Chaboyer, 2011). Next, we will compare the outcomes of the procedure with those of existing alternatives and decide if the new procedure adds to the quality of nursing care. Ideally, any procedure should be in line with the ethical requirements of the profession. Therefore, the investigation should look into how the new procedure aligns with the ethical values of respect to patients’ rights, non-maleficence, benevolence, fidelity, and others. Further, the investigation should look into how the practice contributes to the body of knowledge of the nursing profession and how the practice is applicable in the current situation. This will lead to a decision whether to introduce a procedure to the hospital. Once a decision is made, it will be necessary to plan for educative forums to discuss the need for change. In these forums, a comparison of the current and the proposed will be done, and advantages of the new over the current brought forward. The process will them move to the last phase which will involve pilot testing the procedure on a single ward and actively comparing the outcome. This will be done by all professional in the hospital and will lead to the ultimate adoption of the procedure. Schluter, J., Seaton, P., & Chaboyer, W. (2011). Understanding nursing scope of practice: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, 1211–1222.

Community Map Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community Map - Essay Example Each map misses something important as when I compare my map with that of my neighbors I realize that I forget to draw a lot of stuff, but it does not matter because it shows how each of us envision our community (Glenn, 2004). It also shows how each person expresses his or her own interpretation of a community on his or her map. In my community, my neighbors are very close to one another because the majority of us are Haitians, which makes us strong. We speak of the similarity of language, eat same food and dress the same way. In contrary, we do not support each other as they do in Haiti. I personally did my own research about community economics. In order for a community to be powerful, each of us must practice group economics that means patronize each other businesses so our money can be osculated within our community. An example is, we need to control more businesses and resources in our community instead of having someone else that comes from a different community that has a different culture ruling all of us (Glenn, 2004). We can buy out politicians or at least rent them out so they can implement a new law that would benefit us in the long run. Anybody thinks by voting you automatically control your politicians; you are delusional. By having a business in your community, you can afford to write a cheque to your local politicians and support them in their next campaign (Glenn, 2004). Next time you decide to ask for a favor, someone you would be ready to answer to your

Revenue and capital expenditure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Revenue and capital expenditure - Essay Example Internal Sources of finance Funds are generated in two ways: - 1. generating profit and retaining them in the business. 2. By selling some of his assets. Only successful business can retain the profit. It is very difficult to decide how much profit should retain and how much should distribute. Retaining a large proportion of profit requires a long-term view. Retained profit is the most important source of finance for small as well as large-scale business. Sale of Asset: - If the firm has no other way to arrange funds from any source, then reluctantly the firm sells a particular division or a subsidiary business. Sale asset is a quite normal part of the business. Sometimes the firm buys another firm with the intention of raising finance by selling off its assets. This is known as asset stripping. External Source of Finance This source is divided into two parts, first is short term funds and second is long term funds. Long-term funds are very useful for new business but all types of businesses need capital planning. Long-term funds are of two types: - 1. Share Capital 2. Loan Capital Shares are the proof of ownership. Each shareholder has a share in the business. Shares can be sold at a profit. If a company wants to arrange a lot of funds through the share, it can offer the shares for sale to outsiders. When the private company issues Loan Capital Long term loans are part of the capital of the business. Long term loans come in forms of mortgages, long-term bank loans, venture capital, and debenture.

Cicero and liberty in modern era Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cicero and liberty in modern era - Term Paper Example Back in the times, a person’s worth was determined based on his family. Marcus Cicero was therefore a lucky man and a worthier Roman citizen. He was born to senior Roman citizen, one serving in the equestrian order and had good connection within Rome. The roman society attached very little worth on its women, therefore no much is written about Cicero’s mother. However, it is understood that she was a humble housewife who effectively took care of his two sons. Cicero was born in 106 BC in a small hill town southeast of Rome called Arpinum. It was here that his father owned a fortune. Cicero was bright from childhood, he took much pride in studying works of previous iconic personalities, and most of his readings were political and philosophical manuscripts. He therefore became knowledgeable on the history and the structures of the Roman government (Tempest 47). Cicero derived his greatest motivation to read from his surname which he never liked and therefore never used, C ognomen. Loosely translated, this name meant that Cicero was named after one of his ancestors who had a cleft on his left nose. This became a joke and an origin of ridicule among his family and peers. He therefore resented the name and from the public ridicule and humiliation, he denied himself a social life as a child and took to books. His childhood dream was to become a politician, he read all the manuscripts and books he could find on politics, through his father’s connections, he gained access to the best literature material within Rome and in the process of learning politics, he redeveloped his other abilities. He studied philosophy and was a fosterer of rational thought on public management, through his oratory ability; he became a charming leader one capable of championing for an idea and through rationalization make it come through. He had an effective and an informed way of arguing his issues thereby winning the love of the common Roman citizen while gaining respect among his accolades (Stockton 44). The first half of the first century was characterized by chaos in the Roman Empire, Gaius Julius Caesar, rose to the helm of leadership amidst several oppositions and counter accusations. He therefore out rightly turned into a dictator in a bid to retain his rule. Cicero opposed his leadership and kept championing for the return to the previous republican type of governance. Through his hawk eyed analysis of the Roman constitution and other laws and statutes, he developed philosophies illegitimating Julio Caesar’s dictatorial rule. He soon began becoming a darling to the public. His fame with the citizen climaxed at about the same time that Julio Caesar was murdered. Mark Antony took over the governance of the emperor in unclear circumstances and introduced systems similar to those of his predecessor. Once again, Cicero became a critic of the governance and would always attack Mark Antony in most of his public speeches. Mark Antony labeled him an enemy of the state which back them was synonymous to being charged with treason in the modern day society. he had two options which included either surrendering to the state

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company Law - Essay Example gment passed also stated that that for the assumption of responsibility to be effective some form of direct or indirect conveyance is needed from the behalf of the director and also requires that the claimant should have relied on the information provided by the director. The judgment provided also included the fact that the company or the organization is a separate entity from the directors and the shareholders. Williams aimed at imposing the personal liability to the organization under the principle of Hedley Byrne. But that did not held true for the case. The principle states that it requires a special relation to exist between the plaintiff and the tortfeasor3 Mr. Mistlin claimed that he had no special dealings with the Williams and he never took the responsibility of Mr. Williams in behalf of the company. The judgment passed made it clear that the director of a company runs no risk of his personal liability by taking the charge of a private limited company unless and until he ha s expressed or taken any sort of personal liability. The judge of the case, Lord Steyn commented on his final verdict that there was no personal dealing with the Williams and the managing of the company and the exchange of ideas between them never crossed the line which could create a feeling among the Williams that he had taken the personal responsibility for them. It was held as a case of negligent representation by the company.4 Standard Chartered Vs Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Limited: The case involved three main organizations which are Standard Chartered, Oak Prime, and The Pakistan National Shipping Corporation. In the particular case Pakistan National shipping Corporation was the shipping agent of the delivery of Iranian Bitumen sold by Oakprime. Incombank issued a letter... This research have discussed the two cases and their judgment cited had some similarity and differences. In both the case, the convict accused was the part of the organization, and in both case both of them belonged to the managerial levels. The accused was held guilty on matters of misrepresentation of certain scenario. In the case of the Williams and the Natural life heath foods limited the Williams carried out their legal case as because they suffered loses based on the financial projections provided to them by the director, similarly in the case of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation and the Standard Chartered bank, the director of the Oakprime was held as accused on behalf of the false representation of the bills. The judgment in the identical cases was completely different from each other. In the case of the Williams, the director of the concerned organization was let free and the case was represented as scenario of unintentional misrepresentation. The judgment stated th at the director cannot be held responsible for any personal loses of the franchisee based on the dealings between them until he had shown his personal liability for the matter and he has any personal relationship with the party. Whereas in the other case the judgment showed that the director or the management person concerned cannot hide his fault behind the liability of his company. Mr Mehra deliberately made the false statement so that he may attain the payment for the letter of credit. The law cited strictness in matters of fraud cases than in general matters concerned.

Final year project (( part 1 )) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Final year project (( part 1 )) - Essay Example There is a lot of information that needs to be managed. Handling all this manually (on paper) would further complex it. Since the league allows the smallest clubs to play, therefore, there are over 140 leagues with 480 divisions. This number varies every year. This indicates the amount of information that is to be managed. This is the age of technology. Every department whether it is related to computer or not is being automated. Automation helps in speeding up processes. It also ensures accuracy. That is why most organizations support automation to a very large extent. There are several departments that take care of the league information. The synchronization of information is not an easy task, especially when the information is on paper. That is why a system that could not only store the information but also maintain is required. The aim of this project is therefore to develop a League Table Management System that should be a stand-alone application that could be accessed through out the organization. The system should provide with the facility of editing team details, match points, allocation of matches, location and time of events, etc. The English football league system, otherwise known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in England. The system consists of a hierarchy of leagues, bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation. Clubs that are successful in their league can rise higher in the pyramid, whilst those that finish at the bottom can find themselves sinking further down. In theory it is possible for a lowly local amateur club to rise to the pinnacle of the English game and become champions of the Premier League. The top five levels contain one division each. Below this, the levels have progressively more parallel leagues, which each cover progressively smaller geographic areas.

Repression in Russia in the period 1900-1929 Essay Example for Free

Repression in Russia in the period 1900-1929 Essay Why did the rulers of Russia so often resort to repression in the period 1900-1929? Repression was used under both Nicholas 2 and the Bolsheviks to control the Russian population. The liberal methods employed preceding both governments (Alexander 2 and the Provisional Government respectively) failed completely and discouraged any other form of liberal or democratic controls. The strict extremist ideologies of both the Tsarist and Bolshevik regimes also necessitated violent repression to ensure total compliance. This was needed due to the major political upheavals taking place the decline of Tsarism despite Nicholas determination to continue his autocratic rule and the rise of Bolshevism to replace it meant that both parties needed to take a very harsh line. This was exacerbated by the fact that neither party came to power with the legitimate vote of the public and so faced strong opposition that they wished to eliminate. Conflict, in the form of Civil War and the Great War, was an apparent complication in both regimes. This caused additional economic disarray and social disruption, hindering the plans of the 2 major governments of this era. Consequently this encouraged the use of repression in an attempt to resurrect the country and increase their power. Further difficulties during this period were caused by Russias long term long problems, particularly the vast land area and a high percentage of distinct ethnic minorities causing a lack of cohesion and sense of national identity. Bad communications and retardation of industrialisation meant poor social conditions which led to vocal rebellious groups requiring violent put downs i.e. repression. Russia, at this time, appeared ungovernable without resorting to repression and dictation. Repression was seeded by the lack of an alternative available to Russian rulers at this time. The Bolsheviks were further discouraged from democracy by the failure of the Provincial Government after just 6 months in 1917. The refusal of this government to use repression was highlighted by some of the reforms they undertook abolition of capital punishment and closure of the Okhrana (secret police) and the Cossacks. Lack of army support due to the Petrograd Soviet agreement made control harder as the problems left by the Tsar (economic collapse and rebellious minorities) could not be dealt with. The public began to realise that authority could be easily flouted without the threat of punishment. Consequently, Lenin realised that coercion was required to rule Russia and that repression through the Army could be achieved when his slogan All power to the Soviet was realised. Alexander 2, grandfather to Nicholas 2, was seen as the reforming Tsar- mainly due to his emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He was assassinated by a party representing these very people at the 7th such attempt. Nicholas 2 realised (as the failure of the Provincial Government was to do for the Bolsheviks) that power was questioned when repression was not implemented. Although Lenin also used repression, the similarity in personalities between Nicholas 2 and Stalin meant that both used similar methods. Both were intensely paranoid about the publics perception that they were weak. To disprove this, both resorted to violent repressive tactics. Repression under Lenin was more calculated he talked of the coercion needed for the transition from capitalism to communism. Both governments were autocratic and wished to impose extreme ideologies and therefore required total support which they believed was only achievable by quashing any opposition. Total control was to be achieved by the Tsars divine right to have this and by the Bolsheviks through their classless, one party state. This was shown when Lenin forcibly disbanded the constitution in 1918, because the Bolsheviks would not have had the majority vote they needed for the total control they sought. As a result Lenin became the leader of the only powerful party- the Communists. Later, Stalin increased his control through purges within his own government ensuring his role as the absolute leader reflecting the Tsars goal of omnipotence following the Fundamental Laws. The Tsar required repression of the peasantry (80% of the population) whereas the Bolsheviks faced opposition from the middle and upper classes. Tsarism relied heavily on religion (the Russian Orthodox Church/ROC) to control the people whereas the Bolsheviks saw this as a threat. The ROC taught that the Tsar was God on earth in an attempt to indoctrinate the peasantry to such an extent that they would do as he commanded. Important ministers were often associated with the Church e.g. Pobiedonotstev. After the downfall of Tsarism, Lenin proclaimed the Marxist theory that religion was the opium of the people and proceeded to turn repression onto the church to rid Russia of this perceived powerful opponent to the communist system. Stalin continued the destruction of religion in Russia through the assassination of any cleric he felt had too much influence. The Tsar and the Bolsheviks both faced threatening opposition. The Tsars opponents ranged from the peasant-based Social Revolutionaries (who would later become the Bolsheviks opponents) to the Bolsheviks themselves supported by the working class. The failure of the 1905 revolution after the intervention of the Okhrana and army showed that the Tsar could not have retained power without repression. The Okhrana were also used to rid Russia of revolutionaries such as Lenin himself. The Bolsheviks shared the problems caused by the ethnic minorities and their wish for independence. However, The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk weakened this opposition for the Bolsheviks after it removed 25% of Russian land mainly that housing the minorities. Both regimes faced a wide range of opposition, prompting repression to remove the greatest threats such as the dissolution of the SR-dominated constitution in 1918. Lenin reduced the power of the elite by taking their property and institutions from them. Stalin continued and extended the use of repression eliminating any minor threat, including members of the Communist Party in his Great Purges Conflict encouraged the rulers during this period to resort to repression. The Tsar faced the Russo-Japanese war and the Great War during his reign. The Bolsheviks had to contend with a Civil War. In both cases, repression was used to evoke loyalty and force unification. The Cossacks and Ohkrana were fundamental to the suppression of objectors to the Tsar, as were the Bolshevik equivalents, the Cheka. The Cheka aided Bolshevik victory in the Civil War and were then used by Lenin to forcibly take grain for the soldiers under the Grain Requisition Act despite the distress caused to the peasants. The Tsar also used repression to keep Russia fighting in the Great War including the silencing of anti-war parties and also opposition to the mandatory food rationing by a hungry people. Despite these efforts, war finally brought the downfall of Tsarism after mass desertion from the army effectively took away the last prop of the old regime. The Bolsheviks however, emerged successfully from the Civil War allowing them to consolidate their new-found power with the use of additional repression. Retarded Industrialisation was a long-term problem that is still felt by Russia today. The Tsar attempted to improve Russias industrial affluence whilst maintaining control by repressing the working classes to prevent them revolting. To do this, he banned trade unions and imprisoned the leaders. The Communists also attempted to improve Russias industrial situation- through the conversion from capitalism to communism. The Tsar sought support from other European countries whereas the Communists violently rejected this policy. This meant that the Communists required a greater level of forced labour (i.e. repression) in order to cope without this aid. Stalin hoped to develop Russia into a superpower in his 5-year plans. This involved the use of the forced free labour of non-conformists who were imprisoned in labour camps. The Kulaks (wealthy peasants) were among those sent to such a camp. Collectivisation was a re-introduction of the Grain Requisition and an attempt to revolutionise agriculture along Communist lines and resulted in starvation of the rural population. This repression of the peasantry was also evident in the Tsarist regime to prevent unrest. The long-term problems experienced by Russia at this time encouraged the use of repression as a means of control. The huge population spread over a vast land area meant that in addition to the communication problems caused by sheer size and the abundance of minority groups, it was impossible for any government to meet the demands made by all of the people. The Tsar attempted to deal with this through the enforcement of Russfication and sending the army to eliminate any protesters e.g. in Uzbekistan. The Bolsheviks also faced the minority opposition with violent repression millions of Ukrainians were sent to forced labour camps by Stalin. Prejudice against ethnic groups was rife; anti-Semitism caused repression of Jews under both Tsarist and Bolshevic regimes. Although it can be said that the governments of Nicholas 2, Stalin and to a lesser extent Lenin were repressive by nature, the need for control via repression was inherent within the set up of Russia. Until the fall of communism in Russia in the late 20th century, it was clearly evident that the more lenient governments, such as that of Alexander 2 and Provisional Government were less successful than the more repressive ones although they were hardly given chance to do well, so quick were some to take their place at the first sign of weakness. This acted as an encouragement for the major governments between 1900-1929 to use the secret police, army and threat of imprisonment to deter opposition, repress the peasantry and enforce the ideologies of the government. Repression was imperative for both governments; the Tsarist to cling to power and the Communists to snatch it from them. Both had many unpopular economic, political and social reforms to pass. War highlighted the problems of the country and the presence of strong opposition against both governments. In the view of both it increased the need for repression to realign the economic and social structure. Under both regimes the cause and the effect of repression was the same; it resulted in the death or displacement of many. Unfortunately, it was just a prelude to the terror that was to be experienced during the High-Stalinism of the 1930s. During this decade, 7 million died, mostly after being sent to a labour camp for failing to conform to the Communist ideal of collectivisation.

The Role Of Saudi Women In Leadership

The Role Of Saudi Women In Leadership Saudi Arabia is a desert country that runs over 8,000 square miles. There are big cities, like Riyadh, Makah, Medina, Dhahran and Jeddah; residents in these areas enjoy the amenities of well-planned modern metropolitan cities. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, headed by the Al Saud royal family, with a council of ministers. Saudi Arabias strong root in religious and tribal history has made it what it has become today. By the 1970s Saudi Arabia had become dominant in the realm of international finance and a significant political power in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia occupies the larger part of the Arabian Peninsula and is the worlds leading oil producer and exporter. The kingdom is the center of the major places of importance for Muslims from all over the world. Plight of Saudi women There are very few (if any) well known women leaders in Saudi Arabia; this is as a result of the vast gender discrimination against the girl child. There are laws that are restrictive to women and hinder them from getting leadership roles. This study aims to explore the discriminative judicial and government systems in the country towards women. It will also describe the leadership roles of women in the Saudi society. The various aspects of leadership and gender discrimination against Saudi women will be discussed. Women are more than the men in the population of Saudi Arabia; its therefore very ironical that they had not been allowed to work. It is in the last ten years that women have been accepted as part of the working community. This demonstrates the lack of working sectors open to Saudi women. In fact transport sector discriminates women, in that a woman would not travel unaccompanied by a male companion. The society still looks down upon employed women. Â   Jobs available for Saudi women are very limited and are mostly in education, health, and administration. Women can work and attain jobs in any setting as long as there is no exposure to men. Because of this cultural and religious rule, women need to have their own independent social and educational organizations. Society allows women to fill top administrative positions in womens colleges in order to manage the college effectively. Despite these achievements education for Saudi women is still regarded secondary to taking care of the household and family. For a long time, womens education was subject to negotiation with religious and social traditions. Women in Saudi Arabia were officially allowed to get formal education about forty years ago while the men started way before the women. Consequently, there are very few jobs available for well-qualified women in Saudi Arabia. The women in Saudi Arabia are now more than ever in pursuit in order to empower themselves through education in readiness of leadership positions that may come their way . Position of women in the society There are many different aspects that one encounters while trying to understand and explore the Saudi Arabian culture. The role and status of the women is key in understanding the position of a woman in this culture. In Saudi Arabia, women do not have much to do outside their homes. Girls, from an early age, obtain a domestic role that befits them. For a young girl in Saudi Arabia, becoming a mother is the norm and is the biggest goal in life. She is raised to believe that she should aim to be a good mother and that it is her responsibility to devote her time to her husband and children. However, this is gradually changing; the government now supports education of the girl child. Womens rights groups in Saudi Arabia are not functional for instance, women are still not allowed to drive or ride on motor vehicles with strangers, and one should either be accompanied by a close relative, an employee or the employer (Helen, 2007). This law denies women a vital right; freedom of independent movement (Colin, 2005). A Saudi woman cannot be admitted into any hospital without the consent of a male family member. Despite all these, women are finding other means of maneuvering through these restrictive rules in order to pursue business this is through the intensive use of the internet (Anders, 1998). Legal, social and religious controls combine to limit a womans freedom of movement in the country. From the government perspective, this is aimed at protecting the women, but most women perceive the law as a way of accelerating and empowering the men and their dominance in the society, (Helen, 2007). Women of the Middle East have long been viewed as an oppressed group. From the desert sands of Saudi Arabia to the mountainous lands of Afghanistan, Arab women have faced many hardships in their society. While the role of a woman is meant to be nurturing and domestic, many women have moved on to a more modern view, and have taken on the role as educators and laborers. Arab women threaten the traditional family structure by doing so; however, for many it is a sacrifice they are willing to make, as they have seen that the world has more to offer than just household chores and childbearing. Rights of women in the past, today and the future The Saudi system is set up in a form known as the Sunni-Islam state version, which is a conservative form of government; this version is characterized by incorporating the interpretation of the Muslim faith and using it to formulate law. The Islamic law is interpreted in such a way that it enhances gender inequality; the women are subjected to strict and tight legal regulations on their personal behavior while the men are exempted from the rules (Colin, 2005). There is no equality for women despite Article 8 of the Saudi law which states that, Government in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is based on the premise of justice, consultation, and equality in accordance with the shariah law (Sameena, 2005). However, the individual interpretations favor men rather than women resulting in a hierarchy system that also privileges notables and good connections over ordinary citizens and outsiders. This system in itself creates a biased and self-centered form of society associated with misinterpreta tion of religious scripture. Foreigners are treated differently depending on the country of origin and the race, too (Kathleen, 1991). Women cannot act as lawyers, and for women to access justice she hires a male lawyer wand she is forced to offer up most of her confidential information regarding financial and family matters to the lawyer and the judges. A single mans testimony in the court is the same as for two women (Sameena, 2005). In most cases, the women rely on their husbands and this denies the women personal justice and the ability to access power and leadership positions since one cannot experience power without justice. There are vast cases of gender discrimination in the employment sector in Saudi Arabia, this is attributed to the fact that most of the people are religious and have interpreted Islamic teachings in a particular way (Anders, 1998). For women, access to employment activities is very limited, with minimal enjoyment of the full benefits of citizenship or adulthood. Gender discrimination against women has exacerbated reformers to proactively advocate for democracy and empowerment of women in the country. The international community is also working in close collaboration with the reformers to help in the administration of justice and the equality of gender in Saudi Arabia (Sameena, 2005). Consequently, Saudi Arabia has made some progress in womens education and employment. Saudi women and the education sector Education is a central aspect of family and community life. There is a close link between home and school and they further correlate with the way the structure and community is shaped. The education of Arab women started long ago, dating back almost 1500 years, when the wife of Prophet Muhammad, Khadija, owned her own caravan and was her own employer; a successful one at that. However, after the Prophets death, the status of women slowly began to decline, and by the early 1900s, Arab womens status had been dwindled down to that of oppression and non-education. Because of this, several feminist women movements arose in the 1930s and 1940s, the most famous one led by Huda Sharawi in Egypt (Ahmed, 1992). Even though these feminist movements helped encourage Arab women to get back on the rise in society, only a handful were able to achieve that, as many countries such as Saudi Arabia were still not into empowering women. Womens education in Saudi Arabia started informally with the Kuttab schools that taught the fundamentals of Islam and the basics of writing, reading, and arithmetic. By 1945, King Abdul Aziz, the countrys founder, had initiated an extensive program to establish schools in the Kingdom. Six years later, in 1951, the country had 226 schools with 29,887 students (Collins, 2005). In 1954, the Ministry of Education was established headed by then Prince Fahd as the first Minister of Education. The first ever university in Saudi Arabia was opened in Riyadh in early 1957. In 1943, the first private girls school was established in Makkah by a group of people in the private sector who wanted to teach their daughters basic reading, writing and mathematics (Al Salloom, 1989). When public elementary education for girls began in 1960, there were only 15 school buildings, with a total of 127 classrooms and 518 female students. Public education at the intermediate and secondary levels for girls followed in 1963 with four school buildings for the intermediate level, and one for the secondary level (Al Salloom, 1989). As Saudi families started to realize that educating their daughters posed no threat to family life and in the traditional role of women in society, the attitude towards females education changed. Female students enrolled at all educational levels and more schools were opened. From 1970 to 1990 the number of female students enrolled in higher education expanded from 400 students to 48,000 (Kathleen, 1991). With the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment, a high number of teachers and school principals were female. Today, Saudi Arabias nationwide educational system comprises many universities and colleges, including thousands of primary and secondary schools. Open to every citizen, the system provides students with free education, books and health services. To complement their studies in universities in the Kingdom, Saudi students have the opportunity to pursue graduate and post-graduate degrees in specialized fields abroad. Supported by the government scholarships, thousands of Saudi students are enrolled in universities outside the Kingdom, mainly in the United States. The beginning of womens higher education was similar in Saudi Arabia and the United States, in that both countries, at one point, denied women access to higher education and women were considered as comparative newcomers to equity of opportunity in education. This brings light to addressing another issue involving higher education and the Saudi woman: women dont have the right to make decisions and set policies concerning their higher education. To some extent, they may manage and organize their day-to-day departments, operations and resources but all major decisions affecting them-such as hiring, planning and evaluating are still made by men. What makes this problem more complicated is the lack of communication, face to face between men who are high in administered hierarchy and women who occupy lower administrative levels. For the graduate female students, there are minimal chances for them to advance in the job markets and this hinders the women from rising up into a leadership position in the education sector. There are a few women who have been lucky to get leadership positions in the education .These women play an important role, they champion for more women to be incorporated into leadership positions, however, their sentiments are always ignored (Helen, 2007).The nature of female leadership roles in Saudi Arabia cannot be compared to other countries, these women are segregated and marginalized and thus they are denied educational leadership roles (Anders, 1998). Cultural factors influencing Saudi women The shaping of societies in general is dependent on cultural and traditional factors, as well as economic and political systems. In Saudi Arabia, society culture and traditions play a major role. Culture predominantly influences womens roles in Muslim society, because of the emphasis placed on womens status and acceptable behavior as outlined in the Quran. Ahmed (1992) believes that no matter what form the political system takes, no matter what level of education women attain, no matter what traditional values govern employment, Saudi women would not play major leadership roles in modern day economics because cultural factors have impeded their development. There are a number of factors that have impacted the Saudi womens status and their position in society. The economy, the importance of the family unit, the educational opportunities available, the degree of encouragement women encounter in their pursuit of education and work, and the degree of urbanization attained are all importa nt factors that shape a society and mold many of its beliefs and values (Pinter, 1984). Saudi Arabias culture and traditions are different from the United States and are used as a basis of comparison for two reasons: first, Saudi Arabia and the United States are young wealthy countries that continue to progress (Al-Dawood, 1995); and second, to see if Saudi Arabian secondary school teachers levels of job satisfaction are different from that of secondary school teachers in the United States. Limited information on Saudi female teachers job satisfaction and principal leadership behavior in Saudi Arabia is available, thus it is necessary to also look at research conducted about male teachers. Beck Keddie (1978) indicated that men have reported a higher degree of job satisfaction than women, but more recently differences have diminished, due in part to more equal opportunities for the employment and advancement of women. A Study carried out in Qatar (a country that borders Saudi Arabia) reveals that there is no significant difference in the levels of job satisfaction between men and women (Moshaikeh, 1981). Al-Salom (1996) reports that a similar study was carried out in the United States and also found no significant difference in the level of job satisfaction between male and female teachers. The Quran advocates for stable family life, at no point does it state that women are not equal to men and that they should not mix freely in their places of work (Al-Sallom, 1989).This is not usually the case and people still misinterpret religion and use the Quran as a basis for isolating women. The differences between women in the Middle East and the ones in the western countries like United States may are due to cultural factors. Despite growing acceptance of womens education in Saudi Arabia, education for women still faces conservative attitudes from many Saudi citizens. Such conservative thinking focuses on women building the traditional roles of wives and mothers and may cause fear that education may weaken these roles. These conservative attitudes towards womens education are not related to the influences of Islam, but may be part of the traditions of the Saudi Society (Christopher, 1993). In addition, women receive fewer formal courses in school administration and in-service training than men (Abdel, 1997). Women administrators receive inadequate training; as a result, female school principals are less qualified in leadership behaviors and supervision than their male counterparts are. Teachers should have a chance to use what they have learned in education courses. They also should be involved in the planning and decision-making process regarding curriculum, time use, classroom instructions, method of instructions, resource allocation, and procedures for students evaluation. Including them as active participants would be an excellent first step in enhancing their job satisfaction. Power of women in the past, today and the future Economic empowerment of women One of the major factors that have shaped the Saudi Society is the economic situation. However, Kathleen, (1991) disagrees with the notion that a modern capitalist economy and its extension to almost all areas have resulted in many positive changes for women in Saudi Arabia. She argues that pre-capitalist urban occupations were already open to Saudi women of all classes, from midwifery and entertainment to holders of important real estate. Economic changes of the modern period did not improve or raise the levels of womens participation in public life. In the Saudi culture, serious life begins with marriage, which can be for many, an escape from family pressures and economic difficulty. Because males are seen as the protectors and supporters of women and are, therefore, considered indispensable, families pull all their resources together (material and emotional) to ensure that their young daughters marry appropriately. Women of Saudi nationality are not allowed to access benefits from the government. In the case where a Saudi woman marries a non-Saudi, she then cannot pass the nationality to her children. Consequently, in 2002, women had no right to obtain the national identity card without the order from the mahram, but they appeared as nationals from the state records that included her as a member of a particular family only (Kathleen, 1991). When this was the norm, widowed and single women had a hard time gaining leadership of their families and also in obtaining other benefits of their own and from the state subsidies (Cordesman, 2003). Saudi women do not have the right to the sign contracts or to control financial assets and in this instance, women are made to lick the boots of the males. As a result, women are denied the economic leadership and mainly depend on their husbands for economical support. The women cannot be integrated in the development processes and this greatly impacts them due to their reduced influence in policy making and changes in legislation (Colin, 2005). In a way, the Saudi law ensures gender equity to men and women related to each other. Consider for example, the case where the daughters retain half as much inheritance as the sons and when such women get married then they under the care of their husbands (Colin, 2005) .Women retain property after marriage and in this case, the husbands have the right to protect the woman and hence the women have no obligation to spend their acquired wealth on the mens behalf. The married men have the full responsibility for their family needs. And in case a woman conducts herself in an immoral manner, the man of closest relation is punished on her behalf (Helen, 2007). The role of women in Saudi Arabia is becoming more significant in both political and economic terms as more and more women hold positions of leadership and civic prominence. The educational levels of the women who have made significant contributions on leadership hold positions as founders of organizations and range in their education: from holding bachelors, masters, and doctorate degrees. Some of these women hold voluntary positions and others hold paid positions that entail career commitments. The Saudi Arabia government has given higher education, there are new educational policies put in place. The government established the Ministry of Higher Education in 1975 whose long term vision is to provide highly trained manpower necessary to run the countrys increasingly sophisticated economy. The primary objective of this ministry is to establish new institutions of higher learning throughout the country. The Kingdom has given priority to quantity and quality expansion of education in the last five to seven-years among other development plans. Despite the low percentage of Saudi women working in the labor force in the Kingdom compared to advanced countries, it is the unavailability of working sectors open for Saudi women usually limited to education and medicine which has caused some saturation in these sectors. The Saudi government is planning to undertake a study of the role of women in the countrys economy (Al-Mohamed, (2007). There are policies set by the government in order to support women who want to work. The main aim of these policies is to lower t unemployment rate among women in Saudi Arabian women. In line with this objective, the government and private organizations provide counseling services to women in stressful environments of employment. The Saudi government plan is beyond employment and aims to empower women with entrepreneurial and investing. Saudi Arabia might h ave to revise some policies that a restrict women from participating in the economy of the country. Women and political leadership The participation of women in the public domain, including the political arena, is very limited in Saudi Arabia. Unlike other women in the western world, Saudi women have no social or political rights. They still have to obtain consent of male counterparts in order to fulfill basic things, like obtaining a passport and travel. The hierarchical system of the Saudi government does not allow for democratic voting. Saudi Arabian political leaders are, therefore, hiding behind false religious pretexts by withholding many rights from women. It is a violation of their religious beliefs and practices. Other Islamic countries, such as Egypt, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain, allow women to vote and still maintain their traditional and religious practices. The country does not contain any political parties, thus the absence of elections. Women are becoming more active in reform but their efforts are marginalized. The extent of reform is determined by the ruling family (Cordesman, 2003). Al-Mohamed (2007) attributes the lack of a political role for Saudi women to educational decisions; he goes on and gives an example where women do not major in Political Science in their higher learning. For example, Princess Dr. al-Jawaharlal bint Fahd al-Saud was undersecretary of education for womens colleges for 10 years before becoming president of Riyadh University for Women in April 2007, yet she had no power to make decisions even though she had the power (Al-Mohamed, 2007). The country lacks the basic freedoms for even the civil society to take part in the leadership. It is very hard to start new organizations and even more so the women groups, due to their co-option by the government. I would recommend the existence of political parties in the country with free elections since this would foster democratic growth in the country (Anders, 1998). The media should be free to express their ideas and women rights agencies should be supported to help in the equality of gender, promote the growth of the economy and the active participation of women in the exercising of political power (Kathleen, 1991). Role of religion in empowering women To better understand a Saudi womans position, one must learn a great deal about the culture and religion. One should also understand Islam, its history and culture. In a Muslim community, the people are to follow Gods commands and live a moral life. Saudi women who are working and serve society should be careful to follow an Islamic way of life. In the modern society, wearing a hijab, which may cover a womans head or her whole body, remains part of Muslim culture in Saudi Arabia and also worldwide. Most Muslim women dress modestly and in Muslim countries even the most successful business women will cover themselves with the hijab. Many of the women welcome this practice as they feel it prevents them from being bothered by co-workers or strangers. Some modern Muslims in non-Muslims cultures, however, choose not to cover to attract less attention rather than deal with discouragement about it. Whichever the case, the wearing of a hijab should be intended to please God and should not be done in a mandatory or pressurized manner (Cordesman, 2003). Before Islam, women in the Arab world had no rights to own any property, inherit, divorce, or even choose their marriage partner; the father was usually the one to decide or a male relative. With the advent of Islam, women were given the aforementioned rights and their status changed to that of a dignified human being, deserving of respect and honor. The Islamic view about women is that men and women are equal in their origin and their rights. According to the history of Islam, women have political rights, can participate in public affairs, run a business, choose their husbands and even inherit properly. In regard of womens education, a woman in Islam is not required to contribute financially to the family, which may explain why some Saudis consider education to be worthwhile and necessary for males and less for women. The Quran, which is the source of Islamic jurisprudence, contains no verse that deprives woman the right to be educated In fact, the word Quran is derived from the wor d reading and the first verse of the Quran calls on the devoted to read and write. There are no barriers to women acquiring knowledge in the Islamic faith as long as there is no mixing between the two genders. Most people that profess the Muslim faith do not believe that that men and women are equal in matters of religion (Kathleen, 1991). The role of women in the family and upbringing of children play a major part consequently, the women are allowed to worship at home as the men and the boys worship at the mosque. Despite the active role of women in religion, Saudi women are denied access to any management roles and leadership positions in the countrys religious institutions (Kathleen, 1991). There are still some conservative people who do not want to embrace The New World Order, where women work and are independent, religion is still the excuse of this people. There is as an ideological conflict between culture and religion, Islam allows women the right to education and work. As a result Arab women continue to seek education and work, societys expectations hover over them, giving them more strength to those who oppose empowering women. Conclusion The purpose of this study was to examine the family and societal factors that affect Saudi women in their pursuit of leadership positions in a Muslim society, such as that found in Saudi Arabia. Another area of interest was the impact of Islam on the Saudi women and their pursuit of leadership roles in public life. It is true that the law and the male dominated society and does not provide a good environment for leadership positions of women. The women now more than ever are willing to take the risk and empower themselves, sooner than later women from these part of the world will catch up with other countries that have overcome gender discrimination. Studies show that Saudi women are getting more attention due to the current interest in multiculturalism and global awareness. There are many women in Saudi Arabia who have attained leadership roles on a smaller scale, such as in remote villages and rural areas. The number of Saudi women who have leadership positions may not be large in comparison to the number of women with leadership positions in Western nations or even in neighboring countries but it is a great step considering the position of Arab women and their role and treatment under Islamic culture. Women who have leadership roles in Arab societies are an important resource for information that can help bridge the gap between preconceived notions about the Arab world and the reality of the conditions encountered by women in that part of the world. For instance , in America there are great women who have revolutionized leadership like Hillary Clinton, Condoleezza Rice while in Germany Angela Merkel is the Chancellor. In the M iddle East the most common figure was Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan who was a potential political leader but was assassinated. These women in leadership ar role models to other women all over the world and soon the Arab world is going to embrace women leadership. However, the level of leadership and the participation of women in various positions in Saudi are faced with mainly two interrelated issues. First, the effects of the constitutional rights on women and secondly, is the status of women and their position in reference to Islamic laws. Reform is urgently needed in both educational and employment sectors to provide greater equality for women. Previous trends of females in educational development indicate an ever expanding access of education by women to where they may outnumber men. However, gender segregation and inferiorities in curriculum differentiation is still experienced. There should be more awareness campaigns for women to be informed on the importance of pursuing education to a higher level and diversification of courses to be studied. The diversification of the countrys economy and the expansion of the services in the various sectors may result in the liberalization of the scope of occupation and enroll women in leadership roles. This change would be due to the shortage of labor and the increased participation of women in the education facilities and curriculums. This would help move women up in public visibility and allow them to participate in the decision making of the country.

The Eastern Chipmunk Essay -- essays research papers

The Eastern Chipmunk The Eastern chipmunk is a small rodent of the Sciuridae family. This chipmunk is closely related to the red and grey fox, the flying squirrel, and the woodchuck. Its Taxonomic name is Tamias Striatus. The word Tamias, Means collector or keeper and Striatus refers to its bold stripes and coloring. The body of the average Eastern Chipmunk is about 8 to 10 inches long, the weigh about 2 ÂÂ ½ to 4 ounces. The ears are rounded with ears that stick straight up. It has short legs, the hind legs each have five claws, the front legs have four, and a long thumb like extension. They also have a furry flat tail. Chipmunks have short, dense body fur. It is the same color for males and females. This is a reddish-brown with black and white hairs. The cheeks and sides of the body are grayish-tan to tawny brown. Chipmunks are omnivorous. They generally eat nuts, seeds of herbaceous plants, mushrooms, berries, corn, the flesh and seeds of some fruits and garden vegetables, Birds' eggs, insects, snails, earthworms, millipedes, salamanders, small snakes, frogs and young...

Health of Elderly Australia Essay -- essays research papers

How is Australia’s aging population supported by the Australian Health Care System? PREAMBLE Since 1901 Australia’s elderly population has had a dramatic rise with it estimated that 65-year olds make up just under 15% of Australia’s population (Northern Health Research). The median age of the country has risen from 22 to 35 years and people age 0-14 has decreased from 35.1% in 1901 to 20.7% in 2001 (Mayne Health Research). As this â€Å"greying of the nation† continues mirroring global trends, there has been an influx of residents admitted into aged care facilities around the country. The aim of this report is to perform a case study on an elderly member of the community cared for at the St. Paul’s Aged Care Centre in Caboolture, after visiting the facility every Friday for a period of five weeks. Not only will the residents health be investigated but also the effectiveness of the aged care centre to cater for the rights and needs of the residents in relation to the Ottawa Charter. Suggestions will be made on how the centre could be improved in th e future culminating in a detailed summary of the report’s findings. INTRODUCTION Upon commencing weekly visits, each group of students was assigned a particular resident and advised to monitor their health, behaviour and needs. After being assigned an elderly gentleman by the name of Ken, it quickly became evident the reasoning behind his care. Ken was suffering the early stages of dementia often forgetting names and having short-term memory loss. According to the Alzheimer’s Association in Queensland, early stages of dementia involves the destruction of brain cells in isolated areas often with first signs being short-term memory loss. He was also suffering severe arthritis of the left knee that seemed to be afflicting each of his elbows as well. Arthritis is a term loosely applied to inflammatory, metabolic, or degenerative diseases involving one or more of the joints (Collier’s Encyclopedia). It is a prevalent, crippling disease affecting tens of millions worldwide (www.arthritis.org/). The final health concern noticed was Ken’s social unac ceptance. Often reluctant to join in with conversations and games, Ken seemed very isolated and lonely, probably further reinforcing the signs of dementia setting in. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On completion of the weekly visits and looking back on the time spent with the residents, ... ... the facility encouraging a more sociable and homelike setting. This would further enhance resident’s social wellbeing allowing a friendlier environment to be created and according to Dr. Luke Ryse,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A person who is living a life in a favoured setting is less likely to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   suffer stress, depression and anxiety often associated with aged  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   care facilities.† (www.agecare.com/oz/st/) Another improvement would be to give greater freedom to the residents. Maybe have meals at different times in the evenings giving them a sense of control and also allow residents accompanied visits outside the facility on a weekly basis. Both would lift spirits in centre and are improvements that are easily attainable. They allow residents greater independence and as mentioned earlier, this fosters better health. However apart from those two areas, the St. Paul’s Aged Care Facility in Caboolture is effectively caring and adhering to the needs of the elderly in conjunction with promoting health through the implementation of the principles of the Ottawa Charter.

What is This I See Before Me? :: essays research papers

What is This I See Before Me? Macbeth’s visions seem to be a manifestation of his growing guilt and insatiable ambition. He is being driven to madness by his own actions. The first time we see this phenomena is just before Macbeth goes to kill Duncan; at this time he refers to a bloody dagger that seems to be floating in the air before him. This is a prelude to all that will come. Just after he commits his first murderous sin Macbeth claims to hear voices in the chambers crying out, â€Å"sleep no more, Macbeth does murder sleep† and, â€Å"Macbeth shall sleep no more† (57). These mystic voices turn out to be quite prophetic. Again after Macbeth has ordered the murder of Banquo he sees a vision of the dead mans ghost sitting at Macbeth’s table, in fact in his very chair, a gesture that can be seen to have more that one meaning. All of these visions seem to be nothing more than fabrications of his own tortured conscience. They serve as vehicles for his uncouth desires and as reminders o f his unhappy deeds. It seems that the two people most affected by these hallucinations are Macbeth and his wife. He obviously is most directly affected but after a while it becomes clear that they are taking there toll on her as well. Three of the major visions or hallucinations in the play were the dagger, the voices, and Banquo’s ghost. â€Å"Is this a dagger I see before me the handle towards my hand? Come let me clutch thee† (51). Macbeth speaks these words as he stands waiting for the correct time to carry out his first gory deed. â€Å"Covered with blood and pointed toward the king’s chamber, the dagger represents the bloody course on which Macbeth is about to embark.† (Macbeth Study Guide) It also seems to be a catalyst for his desire to kill Duncan in order to inherit the kingship. Macbeth sees the dagger as a sign that he shall proceed with this wicked night. â€Å"Thou marshal’st me the way that I was going, and such an instrument I was to use†. (53) The primary difference between this hallucination and those that followed is that this time Macbeth knows that it isn’t real. He seems fascinated by it, but aware that it is only a â€Å"dagger of the mind, a false creation† (53). He even suggests that it is a product of a â€Å"heat-oppressed brain† (53).

Developing nursing standards of practice Essay

The standards of practice for the RN are made up by the state board of nursing that the nurse lives in. It is each nurse’s responsibility to know and abide by their standards of practice for their state. Each state develops their standards of practice by following guidelines that the American Nurses Association (ANA) provides. The ANA has a committee on Nursing Practice Standards and Guidelines that has a duty to clarify the role and relationships that are associated with regulation of all nursing practice (ANA, n.d.). â€Å"The model recognizes the contributions of professional and specialty nursing organizations, educational institutions, credentialing and accrediting organizations, and regulatory agencies; clarifies the role of workplace policies and procedures; and confirms the individual nurse’s ultimate responsibility and accountability for defining nursing practice† (ANA, n.d.). There are 5 essential entities that are involved with developing a standard of practice. They are knowledge, role validation, competence and skill, environment, and ethics (Klein, 2005). As a standard of practice is being developed, there are questions for each entity that can be asked. For example: Knowledge—â€Å"Did I complete a program that prepared me to see this population (family, adult, pediatric) of patients?† (Klein, 2005) Role Validation—â€Å"Is additional licensure or certification required to do this skill on an ongoing or specialized basis?† (Klein, 2005) Competence and Skill—â€Å"How have I maintained competence?† (Klein, 2005) Enviroment—â€Å"Does the environment that I work in support this scope or practice through structures such as staffing, consultation, policies and procedures, protocols, and community standards?† (Klein, 2005) Ethics—â€Å"What are the potential consequences of accepting treatment responsibility for this patient?† (Klein, 2005) In conclusion, the board of nursing wants the practicing nurse to be fully competent in their work. This is a direction of how they determine the standards of practice that we follow. American Nurses Association. Determining Scope of Practice for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses.Retrieved August 6, 2014, from http://www.nursingworld.org/ScopeofPractice Klein, T. A. (2005). Scope of Practice and the Nurse Practitioner: Regulation, Competency, Expansion and Evolution. 1-2.

PetSmart, Inc Essay

PetSmart, Inc. is the largest specialty retailer of services and solutions for the lifetime needs of pets with more than 885 pet stores in the United States and Canada. It supplies a broad range of pet food and pet supplies that are competitively priced. Many of its stores have in-store cat and dog boarding facilities called as pet hotels. PetSmart provides online pet supplies and pet care information, pet training, pet grooming and pet adoption services. The web site of PetSmart is fairly well developed and communicates a good amount of online information to its visitor with links to specific pets like dogs, cats, fish etc. It also provides a link that will help the visitor to locate the store closest to him. The website has an excellent link called petsmartcharities through which PetSmart is able to clearly communicate its social initiatives of saving and providing a lifelong loving home for every homeless pet. It is also very successful in communicating how the visitor can participate in their social initiatives through the purchase of flowers, collectible dog or cat ornaments and wrapping paper and also silver logo charms as gift for pet-loving friends or family members. The mission or the very purpose of the existence of the company that is ‘providing a lifelong loving home for every pet’ is not clearly communicated to the website visitor and can be identified only if the visitor is looking for it. The website is also ineffective in delivering the message with respect to the ethical values and practices of the company in conducting its business. This is a very critical message in today’s business environment for all the stakeholders of the company, specially the informed investors and the customers. A company’s website is a powerful tool for communicating vital information to the concerned. The company should include a clear mission and vision statement at the very beginning on the webpage ‘about us’. A separate link communicating about its core business values, ethical practices and an ethical code of conduct as followed by the company should also be provided.

Red Lotus and Thousand ;One Nights

Syree Davis Eng. 203 Nov. 1 2012 Ms. tody The Red Lotus of Chastity and The Thousand and One Nights The females in The Red Lotus of Chastity and The Thousand and One Nights struggled against ideas of chastity that were created by a male dominated society. They had to over come the cultural ideals of what women should be and do. Devasmita and Shahrazad both decided to take matters into their own hands and not fall to male authority or their tricks. The themes of these novels are the feminine empowerment, loyalty and devotion.The women of these novels showed feminine empowerment. Although they had obstacles that could have over come them they still stood against them and showed that females can be strong and independent too. Devasmita was struggling with being away from her husband while trying to be tricked into doing the merchants' sons but she showed feminine empowerment by deciding to trick them and make them be punished. This proved that females could also have power to do things and weren't just to be around to clean, cook and do what their husbands wanted.Shahrazad is the definition of feminine empowerment she stood against male authority the whole novel and didn't step down. Her role in The Thousand and One Nights was to teach the king a lesson, this showed her will to go against authority to teach a male a lesson. These females were devoted to what they wanted to do and wouldn't stop. Shahrazad was devoted to teaching the king a lesson and no male could stop her. She was self educated and strong willed, she pursued to learn about poets and other authors and people of high stature.Devasmita was devoted to her king and would not break for anyone after receiving the red lotus which was symbolic for feminine qualities and things that related to the heart (love, passion and sex) she finally agreed to let him go on his trip. This was love because she knew she would be jealous of the distance between the two and the events that had happened with another man tha t was cheating. She remained steady and devoted to her king though despite the tricks and the men trying to pursue her. This was a stand for the females making it known hey could think for themselves and could make up there own minds and also hold down a household without a male figure. Loyalty also connects with the devotion they shared to do what they had to do because without them being loyal there was no need to have devotion. Loyalty was another characteristic that the females shared and displayed in these novels. They were loyal to their goals and didn't stray away from them. Devasmita and Shahrazad being females in their time ran by in a male society was rough. They were expected to do whatever they were told especially in the household.When they would not do what the males wanted, it was a shock for a female to do this. Being loyal in those times were hard and for them to show they had the power to do that displayed their strong will. Once again the themes of these novels ar e the feminine empowerment, loyalty and devotion. These all are thought to be things that females do well, but when put against an all male society they are faced with obstacles. They overcome the temptation and stay on the right path or stay focused on their goals. Although Shahrazad was a little different story line that Devasmita she also faced obstacles.She was trying to teach the king a lesson and didn't listen to male authority. She thought herself and was self motivated, her goal was set and didnt stray away from it. She was devoted and loyal to her goal to teach the society a lesson. Devasmita was a wife that was in love with her husband so much that she grew jealous of him being so far away. Jealousy rose from the story's of another man cheating in the temple. She finally decided to let him go once receiving the red lotus that symbolized feminine empowerment, and female characteristic.This gave her the ability to let him leave and stay loyal and devoted to him. Although the merchants son's were put up to no good and make her cheat on her husband she would not. She kept up the household and even was intelligent enough to find out their true intentions and even was able to bring their plans to light. These females strong willed and very smart. Although society was based on males points of views they didn't let this discourage them they still decided to teach themselves and prove they were strong enough.The chastity was not just not the virgin or sexual aspect but the overall devotion, having the power to say no and fight (feminine empowerment) and being loyal. All these contributed to the conflict of the novels which was the females overpowering the male society and deciding not to listen. This was a big step for the females especially in a all male society that was built up by males. In the end they overcame what cultural ideals were of females and did this by not listen to the male society and that they were more than just to be in the house working b ut could be educated and in some situations could out wit the males in their society.This gave them the power to do what they wanted not only were they intelligent they were independent. Even with a man in their lives they could still think on their own and even make decisions. Devasmita could have easily been persuaded to do things if she was not so devoted and wanted to be loyal. Shahrazad could have just been a normal female that is ideal to usual cultural ideals but she decided to educate herself on things that interested her and even plotted to teach the king a lesson.

Last Shot

Who knew that from the beginning things would fall downhill fast, the other team would be such more skilled and our team being devastated and that I would crumble In my moment to save what little respect my team had left? I look across the field at the other team warming up. I can't help but notice how fluid and controlled their movements are. Halfway into the game my team's spirit is deflated. We are playing worse than we really are. We thought we would be okay but the team is playing defeated. We are down five to zero; the possibility of scoring is a thing of the past considering our attackers haven't seen the goal all game.Coach paces the locker mom speaking his face reddening as he tries to raise the burning sensation to win within the team. The eyes of my teammates light up with a spark, with hope that sparks will ignite into a flaming inferno. The last quarter of the game my mind is filled with guilt. Have I choked or was the other team Just better? Am I good enough to deserve this spot on the team? We are down nine to nothing with Just under a minute left and the other team has the ball. As the attacker comes down the field I get a nod from coach and I know it's his way of telling me the pride of the team rest on my holders.I have one Job and one Job only do not let this game get into the double digits. Number 21 comes down the ball passing it in his team begins to move the ball around the goal. Seeing the ball moving around to my left side I step up to meet the shot, then a sadden movement catches my eye to the right. In that split second the attacker released the ball, my focus lost for one moment caused my reflexes to falter. I swing my stick around in hope that I can make the save, but the slap of the net lets me know I was too late. Twenty minutes later the buzzer sounds and the game Is over s Is any pride I had left.Not only had I let down myself but equally so my coach, school and my team. I sat there In the locker room the game on my mind all tho se thoughts running circles In my mind. My emotions running wild Inside me now that I am alone all the anger, sadness, regret disgust but most of all I feel Like a failure. And In that same moment I realized If I had sat there mopping nothing would change With the determination In my heart and mind that dull spark blew up Into a flame you could see through my eyes. I picked up my stick looked at It running to the field dead to practice and prove I'm worth to hold this stick.Last Shot By Commander Due: 2/16/2011 I sit in that smelly sweat stained locker room, all I can think about is whether or not I practice hard enough or pushed myself to the limit. I change alone in my corner with as he slaps my pads when he walks by. Laughing, he asks me if I was set; grabbing much more skilled and our team being devastated and that I would crumble in my other team warming up. I can't help but notice how fluid and controlled their me know I was too late. Twenty minutes later the buzzer sounds and the game is over s is any pride I had left.Not only had I let down myself but equally so my coach, school and my team. I sat there in the locker room the game on my mind all those thoughts running circles in my mind. My emotions running wild inside me now that I am alone all the anger, sadness, regret disgust but most of all I feel like a failure. And in that same moment I realized if I had sat there mopping nothing would change. With the determination in my heart and mind that dull spark blew up into a flame you could see through my eyes. I picked up my stick looked at it running to the field

Recommendation Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recommendation Letter - Essay Example This letter is my formal recommendation for Kennya, who I feel would be an able and excellent candidate for the Pharmacy Degree Program you offer.   She has worked   as a pharmacy technician under my supervision for the past 18 months, and has consistently demonstrated commitment, intellectual skill and personal qualities that have enhanced the service delivery of this community pharmacy. Kennya’s oral communication is excellent, allowing her to develop a close and caring relationship with the patients here, in particular, the older and more vulnerable people. She relates not only to their medical needs, but also to their personal circumstances.   She shows great retentive abilities, attention to detail, demonstrates clear understanding, produces good written work and has the ability to analyze any situation and act on her own initiative.  I am impressed by Kennya’s ability to absorb new information and utilize it correctly and decisively.   She has already ac hieved her pre-pharmacy qualifications, demonstrating good academic and learning skills.   This means she can be trusted to carry out many tasks outside her remit, with only a basic need for checking on my part.   This shows me that her intellectual ability is above average, as is her commitment to serving the community.   Kennya is dedicated to her work and to improving her knowledge in all aspects of pharmacy, but never loses sight of the purpose of her role.   Her character is one of great compassion and understanding, she is energetic and bright and has never let colleagues or patients down in the time she has worked with me. I have observed how Kennya uses her knowledge and experience consistently to benefit all those she is involved with.   I feel that she would contribute a great deal to the program at MCPHS and would reach her goal of attaining her degree and so achieve professional status.   I have no hesitation in asking that you give serious consideration to h er application.   She would be an asset to the program and to the profession.

Government role in a market economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government role in a market economy - Essay Example The need of the hour is to have a proper system in place which shall form the basis of immense success for the sake of the organization and hence the government of the land needs to play its quintessential role nonetheless. Moving ahead with the debate, how the government comes into the equation is an interesting debate. This is because the government is usually held responsible for all the actions and undertakings that are being taken on the national level, and thus the brunt is dropped on its head whenever there are serious issues that come to the surface (Rao, 1998). How the government copes with the pressure that is exerted upon it is something that must be understood within the related settings. Proper arrangements should be made to guarantee that these are followed by the organizations within the country, and that success comes about in full circle within the related aegis. The government must give subsidies, lower the taxes and provide relief in different forms – all of which should embody the basis of attaining harmony within a free market economy. ... hat the negativities with regards to the free market structures are taken care of, and if there still exist any further problems, the same are handled in an amicable way. This will resolve the ambiguities that exist within the related fore as well as take care of the free market economic realms in the long run. The government makes sure that the ant-trust laws are reinforced and thus the promulgation of the same would mean success for the sake of the organization in the long run. It would also mean that the government plays its significant part within the protecting of property rights for the free market economic domains and realizes its due role within making the market a freely accessible one. This highlights the proactive role of the government and how it would delve deep into building trust and credibility within its related regimes. The government provides a stable fiscal and monetary environment which shall bring a lot of respect for the government in the long range but what it will really do is to encourage the stakeholders to give in their best time and time again. The political stability is preserved if the government realizes its role towards building the free market scenarios which are indeed something that can go down well within the organizational and indeed the industrial concerns. The role of the free market economic stakeholders is directly dependent on how the government shapes up its own self. If the government realizes its responsibility towards building the economic undertakings, then this would that it is playing its part in a very proactive fashion. However, when this does not happen, there are bound to be serious irregularities. What is most important is to know that such measures would mean failure of the economic undertakings that exist within

Psychoanalysis of Roald Dahl's Matilda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychoanalysis of Roald Dahl's Matilda - Essay Example The superego is the opposite extreme of the id and is the force used by the father and the social and cultural institutions he represents to check and drive the person's desires into the id. The superego includes tradition, inherited values, religion and its institutions, education and its peripheries and all forms of authority. The ego is the self that emerges after an on going and continual negotiation between the id and the superego. If the person's superego is weaker than his/her id the result will be a loose, permissive, carefree, easy going or even a mad person. If the person's superego is stronger than his/her id, then that person will become a conformist to the moral and social values of the person's medium. (Douglas, 2007) The process of pyschoanalyzing a text has several approaches. One can read a text and isolate the elements in the text that reveal the inner conflicts, desires and suppressions in the person of the artist. Another way is examining elements that define the psychology of the characters in the narrative. A third way is seeing if the text reveals the collective psychology of the people and the culture that produces the work of art. In any case, the analysis should consider one or both of the two basic assumptions of the theory. The first assumption is the tripartite nature of the manifest self, whether it is the self of the author, the fictitious character, or the collective consciousness behind the work while the second one is the work of art as a dream work that reflects the suppressed content of the id of either the author or his/her characters. (Pope, 2002) In this essay, I shall be concerned in the first assumption which is determining the tripartite nature that is present in the character of Matilda. I will be trying to learn the psyche of Matilda. I would begin by providing a summary of the story Matilda written by Roald Dahl in 1988. When conducting the research, I came to realize that there are elements of the story derived directly from the experiences of the author. While this may be a good topic for psychoanalysis, our focus would be on Matilda and her psyche. Plot Summary Matilda Wormwood has the potential to be a genius but her parents do not care about her as shown by the fact that she is discouraged from reading books and encouraged in watching TV. In spite of this, Matilda perseveres and became intellectually superior in her class. TO combat her parent's being so uncaring, she devises clever pranks such as "the hat and the super glue," "the parrot-in-the-chimney-affair," and "the great hair oil switch." Her great intellect catches her teacher's, Jennifer Honey's, attention and appeal for her to be accelerated. Agatha Trunchbull, the evil headmistress, refuses. Miss Honey learned of how Matilda's parents treat her when she consults them for Matilda being sent to the university. Throughout the story, Miss Trunchbull treats her students in abusive manners such as ploughing straight through children so that they "bounce off her feet like footballs", makes regular visits to classes to "show" the teachers a few tips on discipline, throws students out of windows and even locks them in a contraption known only as "the Chokey." Matilda becomes her primary target when she learned that it was her father that sold her a second car that barely

EVALUATION nad WEBSITE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

EVALUATION nad WEBSITE - Essay Example It is essential to define business objectives, usability goals and intended context of use well in advance. In this context business objectives of a site include answers to crucial questions such as such, what are the main purposes of the website, who are the websites target audience, success factors, evaluation criteria and budget. The websites contexts of use include information such as important user groups, frequency of visits, user's past experience and expertise, socio-cultural issues, user's needs and client side technical information. Once this Meta information is collected and analyzed a website design should proceed. Effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction are the three units in which usability can be measured. We know that many users visit the travel agency websites since travelers have increased and also the traveling rate has increased during the past few decades. Many people look to travel agents for traveling, booking tickets, searching for vacation plans, and many other such deals. The website should provide a proper user interface to the people so that they do not face any problem in operating the website if they want to. Many people prefer booking tickets online rather than to go to the travel agent and getting it booked. Therefore, many people will browse the websites of the travel agencies before confirming on one particular travel agency. Therefore, the user-interface of the website should be such that it would try to attract more customers. The better the interface, the more loyal the customers become and more the increase in the number of customers for that travel agency. The three basic components of web usability are: Effectiveness: It can be measured by determining if the website users can actually accomplish their requirements at hand. Requirements at this context can range from a simple task such as finding information to complex and sensitive activities such as purchasing a product. Efficiency: Efficiency looks at the resources expended in order to achieve the task. Although resources can be seen in multiple perspectives, the most critical resource is time. Satisfaction: The essential feature of impressing the customers involves the amount of satisfaction a particular website can provide to the users. The overall experience that involves the color contrast, dynamic features, availability of appropriate information, accuracy of search play crucial role in the satisfaction rate of users. All these features have to be addressed while designing a website and these issues were considered while building the travel agency website. The customer generally searches for flights to his or her desired destination. Therefore, the provision for searching for flights has to be present right on the first page of the website (i.e. the Home Page of the website). Once the data is fed and the search button clicked, the list of flights has to be shown to the customer and the customer can then select which flight he want his ticket to be booked in. Also, once he visits the website and he likes the website, he would like to become a member of the travel agency. Also, he would like to have a personal storage place where all his information related to his travel will be saved. Such personal place has to be provided which can be accessed through his login name and

The Joy of Graduating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Joy of Graduating - Essay Example In addition, during summer, just like her then oncoming sophomore year, she went through a course on international law and took in an internship which lasted 50 hours (Lombardi 1). Danielle was named a valedictorian, which she did not expect. According to the author, a valedictorian season has just ended and students are receiving accolades for being the best performers academically in the school. However, the path to that honor has become more competitive lately. A number of aspects such as the rise in the number of high school scholars, inflation of grade, strong competition for acceptance in collage and a well-informed student body have transformed the game. One of the characteristics of the valedictorian is that they strategize to win, by taking an intense load of A.P courses that are weighted during calculation of the average grades. Some of them keep off from creative courses, such as art or photography, since in creative courses, grading can be biased while having a grade B can mess their target. In most of the cases, enthusiasm for valedictorian honors has resulted into lawsuits. For example, in Danielle’s high school, a high school senior is said to have sued the district in an attempt to be declared valedictorian (Lombardi, 1). Some valedictorians end up suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome like Ms. Hornstine, who is claimed to have maneuvered the system and her claim brought an outcry in the society. Later, her acceptance to Harvard was nullified following allegations that her articles for the local daily were plagiarized (Lombardi, 1). Most of the valedictorians end up sharing the position. For example, this year, Susannah and Brett are the co-valedictorians in Horace Greeley High School. Even though nobody would speak to give evidence, stories about competed grade point means spread and brought hatred. However, Susannah and Brett showed a united front, explaining how they