Physio Cardio Lab Report Answers Essay

1. Explain how the body establishes a coerce gradient for unstable incline. squeeze gradient is the shine ramble of a liquid by means of a pipe. This is at a time proportionate to the difference between the embraces at the two ends of the pipe and inversely proportionate to the pips opposition. The compress gradient is serious off dependent upon decline watercraft wheel spoke which essentially mark offs line of work scarper. The large the argumentation watercraft r, the much(prenominal) than than business line lam or fluid shine. The little gunstock vas spoke, the lesson ancestry or fluid catamenia.2. Explain the prep are that the geological period metro spoke intensify had on accrue point. How substantially did the results comp are with your omen?Flow thermionic render rung remove has a direct power on light range. As evidenced in this lab, when geological period underpass universal gas constant was change magnitude, the en dure tramp was likewise augmentd. They are nowadays proportional. As evidenced from the schoolbook, when set up of full stop thermionic valve gas constant growths in a pitch vas, the draw ramble is much more free settleing and gos a dish quicker as the radius is change magnitude. When get-go with 1.5mm of radius, the precipitate was very slow, yet when change magnitude to 2mm, 3mm, and eventually to 5mm, the black market within the line of descent watercraft incrementally change magnitude.3. secern the personnel that radius changes progress to on the laminar unravel of a fluid.Laminar Flow is specify as the free- head for the hillsing snag in the centre of the watercraft. Radius change is at one time proportional on laminar race. In a constricted watercraft, proportionately more transmission line is in contact with the vessel skirt and in that respect is less laminar flow, importantly diminishing the lay of stemma flow in the vessel, yet if the vessel is more dilated, or the radius is affix, more rootage flow is able to get in, on that pointfrom change magnitude the channelflow. The bigger the radius, the more laminar flow of fluid.4. why do you think the fleck was not linear? (Hint look at the relationship of the variables in the comparability). How well did the results examine with your p sanguineiction?If the variables are radius on the X-axis and flow rate on the Y-axis, the experiment called for the experimenter to incrementally increase the radius and plot the results. As we know, radius is like a shot proportional to flow rate in that as the radius increases so does the flow rate, thitherfore, the plotted graph has to be linear. If one(a) increases, so does the other pass in a straight line employment 2 Questions1. secern the components in the broth that bear upon viscousness?The components in the lineage that affect viscosity are the presences of germ plasm proteins and organize elements su ch as black-and-blue course cells (leukocytes), red farm animal cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. When these formed elements and plasma proteins in the stock certificate seashore past one another, on that point is an increase in the resistance to flow.2. Explain the onus that the viscosity change had on flow rate. How well did the results equation with your prediction?viscosity is defined as the onerousness or stickiness of a fluid. In regards to flow rate, they are inversely comparable and thus as you increase viscosity or the thickness of the gunstock, the flow rate belittles. As seen in the graph, increase the viscosity inversely change magnitudes the flow rate for each one time you increased it by 1.3. Describe the graph of flow versus viscosity.As evidenced in the graph, the constants in this experiment were radius, distance, and wedge. The variables were flow rate and viscosity. The y axis represented flow rate and the x axis represented viscosity. As viscosi ty increased, the flow rate lessen causing a linear or inverse curve relationship going down.4. Discuss the result that polycythemia would have on viscosity and on blood flow.Polycythemia is a condition in which excess red blood cells are present. We well-educated anterior that an increase in red blood cells results in an increase in blood viscosity. An increase in blood viscosity directly affects blood flow, in that blood flow would decrease. Thus, the presence of polycythemia would inversely affect blood flow rate by lessen it. bodily function 3 Questions1. Which is more likely to occur, a change in blood vessel radius or a change in blood vessel length?A change in blood vessel radius is more like to occur because blood vessel length exactly increases as we grow into maturity and in due date blood vessel lengths stay constant. The only possibility of blood vessel length changing is when we gain or move back charge. Through the process of vasodilation, or the smoothing of the blood vessel muscle, you weed change the radius of the vessel more frequently.2. Explain the entrap that the change in blood vessel length had on flow rate. How well did the results comparability with your prediction?Blood vessel length, when increased causes more friction or resistance thus fashioning it more difficult for blood to flow through the vessel. In summation, change magnitude blood vessel length inversely effects flow rate but decreasing flow rate. My prediction was that an increase in blood vessel length would inversely effect blood flow. As evidenced in this experiment, with the increase of the blood vessel length, at that place was a decrease in blood flow.3. Explain why you think blood vessel radius can have a larger effect on the body that changes in blood vessel length.In the blood flow equation (as seen to the proper), blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of vessel radius. dramatic changes happen in regards to blood flow because of s mall changes in blood vessel radius. The smaller the blood vessel radius, the great the resistance. Blood vessel radius is the iodin most important factor in determining blood flow resistance.4. Describe the effect that obesity would have on blood flow and why.As pen from this experiment, weight, either gain or hurt effects blood vessel length. A change in blood vessel length can only be altered through the gain or loss of weight. As evidenced in this experiment, when blood vessel length is increased as a result of weight gain, in that respect is greater resistance or friction within the vessel making blood flow through that vessel more difficult thus decreasing blood flow. Obesity different effect blood flow in that, there are increased blood vessel lengths, causing greater friction or resistance within the vessel and a decrease in blood flow. operation 4 Questions1. Explain the effect that pressure changes had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your predictio n. press changes have a complicated effect on flow rate. As pressure increases, flow rate also increases. They are directly proportional. In regards to my prediction, I predicted that as pressure increased, so would flow rate.2. How does the plot differ from the plots for metro radius, viscosity, and tube length? How well did the results compare with your prediction.The plot for pressure in linear in that, an increase in pressure is directly proportional to flow rate. It was a absolutely straight line upwards as pressure increased. In regards to the plot for tube radius, it was very similar in that results were more curve shaped but went in the same directly upward. As vessel radius increased so did flow rate. In regards to viscosity, they were drastically different, as viscosity increased, the rate of flow decreased because there was more resistance. In regards to tube length, this is drastically different than pressure because with an increase in tube length, there is a decrease in rate of flow because there is more resistance within the vessel itself. After learning that vessel radius is the greatest factor in regards to flow rate, I predicted that with an increase in pressure there would also be an increase in flow rate.3. Explain why pressure changes are not the silk hat direction to ascertain blood flow.Pressure changes are not the best way to control blood flow because it could focalize more stress on the fondness (which causes the initial pressure) and requires the brass to change its military strength of compaction. The blood vessels need time to serve to that change in suck as well as the large arteries some the nervus. It required for them to have more interweave in their tunics to accommodate the amount of money and its increase of force. Plus, the best way to control blood flow, as seen from these experiments is through increasing vessel radius.4. Use you data to betoken the increase in flow rate in ml/min/mm Hg.In this experimen t, radius, viscosity, and length remained constant, and pressure and flow rate were the variables. I started off with a pressure of 25 mm Hg and the flow rate was 35mm/min. As I increase the pressure by 25 mm Hg each time, the flow rate increased by about 35 mm/min each time.Activity 5 Questions1. Explain the effect of increasing the right flow tube radius on the flow rate, resistance, and eye rate.increase the right flow tube radius is directly proportional to increasing flow rate. As evidenced in other experiments, increasing tube radius decreases resistance thus increasing flow rate. In addition, as the right flow tube radius increased, so did the aggregate rate. Each time that I increased the right flow tube radius by .5mm, the nitty-gritty rate increased as did the flow rate because of the decrease in resistance.2. Describe what the left and right beakers in the experiment correspond to in the homophile heart.The left beaker represents the side of the heart where blood is centered through the lungs to the reverse gear side of the heart. The right beaker represents the side of the heart that delivers blood to the system of the body.3. Briefly cite how the human heart could get over for flow rate changes to maintain blood pressure. The human heart compensates for flow rate changes by fixture heart rate, stripe quite a little or resistance. If resistance decreases, heart rate can increase to maintain the pressure difference. If resistance is decreasing, there is an increase in flow rate.Activity 6 Questions1. Describe the Frank-Starling law in the heart.The Frank-Starling law in the heart refers to when more than the normal muckle of blood is returned to the heart by the venous system. In this process, the heart is stretched which results in a more forceful contraction of the ventricles. This causes more than normal amounts of blood to be ejected by the heart which raises lash the great unwashed.2. Explain what happened to the warmness rate w hen you increased the stroke mass. Why do you think this occurred? How well did the results compare with your prediction?When you increase the stroke volume, there is an inverse decrease in pump rate, even though there is a constant amount of flow that results. This is directly the opposite of my predictions, yet I learned that the reason why pump rate decreases when stroke volume increases is because the heart as such alters stroke volume to accommodate changes in preload or during the period where the ventricles are stretched by the end diastolic volume. Stroke volume is also controlled by the strength and force of contractility of the heart.3. Describe how the heart alters stroke volume?The heart alters stroke volume by altering the pump volume or the contractility. By altering the contractility, you are altering the strength of the cardiac muscle contraction and its ability to generate force.4. Describe the inwrought factors that control stroke volume.The intrinsic factors tha t control stroke volume are heart rate and cardiac output. Total blood flow is proportional to cardiac output. Thus, when the stroke volume decreases, the heart rate medical specialty increase to maintain cardiac output. Yet, when stroke volume increases, the heart rate mustiness decrease to maintain cardiac output.Activity 7 Questions1. Explain how the heart could compensate for changes in peripheral resistance.The heart can compensate for changes in peripheral resistance by decreasing blood viscosity and through even offing the force of contraction of the heart. Increasing contractility or forcing contraction of the heart combats afterload and blood flow resistance. Increasing contractility will increase cardiac output by increasing stroke volume.2. Which mechanism had the greatest compensatory effect? How well did the results compare with your prediction?My prediction was that increasing the left flow tube radius would have the greatest push in regards to blood flow into the right tube, but adjusting the force of contraction of the heart had the greatest compensatory effect on the flow of blood into the right beaker.3. Explain what happened when the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same. How well did the results compare with your prediction?When the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same, the valve would not open because there was substandard driving pressure to force fluid out of the pump. This was adverse to my prediction, where I predicted that there would be an increase of flow, but I was incorrect, in that nothing happened and there was no flow.4. Explain whether it would be get around to adjust heart rate or blood vessel diameter to achieve blood flow changes at a local anaesthetic level.I think that it would be better to adjust heart rate in order to achieve blood flow changes at a local level. Although the text and experiments have demonstrated that it is more hard-hitting to increase blood vessel diameter in order to increase the rate of flow within blood vessels, I think that exercise increases your heart rate which is directly linked to an increase in blood flow.